Право на оскарження рішень органів публічної влади та їхніх посадових осіб як складова верховенства права

Abstract

Статтю присвячено деяким аспектам теоретичної розробки та практичної реалізації однієї зі складових верховенства права, а саме праву на оскарження, зокрема у судовому та позасудовому по- рядку, рішень органів публічної влади, їхніх посадових осіб. Розглянуто адміністративну юстицію як провідний засіб захисту прав людини від неправомірних дій і рішень органів влади. Визначено особливості адміністративного судочинства та правову природу рішень адміністративних судів. Приділено увагу конституційному судочинству як засобу захисту прав людини у сфері місцевого само- врядування та правозахисній ролі практики Європейського суду з прав людини.

This article regards some aspects of theoretical development and practical realisation of one of the components of the rule of law, i.e. the right to appeal, particularly judicial and extrajudicial procedure of appeal against decisions of public authorities, their officials. Administrative legal proceeds are considered as the leading means of protection of human rights from illegal acts and decisions of the government authorities. The author considers peculiarities of administrative legal proceedings and the legal nature of decisions of administrative courts. Attention is paid to constitutional proceedings as a means of protection of human rights in the area of local self-government and the human rights role of the practice of the European Court of Human Rights. In particular, the analysis focuses on the legal confirmation of general principles of the right to judicial and extrajudicial complaint implementation and its subsequent display in regulatory enactments, having determined the main requirements for a complaint form and its contents, the powers of public authorities regarding the examination of complaints. The rights of citizens in the process of reviewing their complaints are detailed, including the practical implementation of the right to be heard. The paper considers powers of administrative courts in a part of inspection of decisions, actions or inactions of the government agencies, in particular the admissibility of their commission from the point of view of the compliance with the rule of law. Warnings as for the particularities of application of such principles as equality, competition, dispositivity, etc. in the process of reviewing administrative cases, are justified. The role of innovation in the powers of the Constitutional Court is analyzed, namely the possibility of filing a complaint concerning the correspondence of the Constitution of Ukraine to the laws of Ukraine (specific provisions) which are applied by the court in its final judgment. The reasons of filing the complaint to the European Court of Human Rights are determined with the impact of its decisions on law-restorative, law-making, and law-enforcement activity of the state.