Децентралізація (утворення об'єднаних територіальних громад) як альтернатива автономізації та форма внутрішнього самовизначення корінних народів і національних меншин в Україні
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Date
2017
Authors
Курінний, Олексій
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Abstract
У статті проаналізовано правові засади створення етнічно однорідних об’єднаних територіальних громад у рамках територіальної реформи й децентралізації в Україні – крізь призму фактичної
реалізації компактними корінними народами і національними меншинами України права на внутрішнє політичне самовизначення.
The article analyzes the legal basis of creating monoethnic united territorial communities in the frames of the territorial reform and decentralization in Ukraine – through the prism of de facto realization of the right to inner self-determination by the geographically concentrated indigenous people and national minorities in Ukraine. Taking into account Russian-inspired military intervention in Ukraine that resulted in Russian annexation of the Crimea, the main attention in the article is paid to de facto inner self-determination of the “continental” national minorities of Ukraine. In its decentralization initiative, Ukraine may consider the intentions and final results of polar alternative experiences of Switzerland and Spain, as the Swiss cantonal system widely recognizes the subsidiarity principle of the significantly high level of cultural affairs autonomy for its cantons and municipalities. To the contrary, Spain implemented regionalization policy based on the unique political agreements of the state with each of its “problematic” regions, which only encouraged the irredentist inspirations and secessionist movements of such subjects. In this context it is necessary to stress that the so called de facto inner self-determination of the national minorities, according to the Ukrainian decentralization reform, in no ways means their autonomization or statehood-building, but only their territorial organization, effective participation in local self-governance, and financial / infrastructure capacity building (if not talking about the Crimean Tatar people, who probably will get their ethnic-based autonomy in frames of the unitary Ukraine). At the same time, despite the clear self-determination provisions mentioned in the 1990s political declarations and Constitution, the controversy rules of the 2015 Decentralization Act caused systematic difficulties for ethnic minorities’ practical self-determination if it needs unification of several localities in a “cross-district” or “cross-regional” way.
The article analyzes the legal basis of creating monoethnic united territorial communities in the frames of the territorial reform and decentralization in Ukraine – through the prism of de facto realization of the right to inner self-determination by the geographically concentrated indigenous people and national minorities in Ukraine. Taking into account Russian-inspired military intervention in Ukraine that resulted in Russian annexation of the Crimea, the main attention in the article is paid to de facto inner self-determination of the “continental” national minorities of Ukraine. In its decentralization initiative, Ukraine may consider the intentions and final results of polar alternative experiences of Switzerland and Spain, as the Swiss cantonal system widely recognizes the subsidiarity principle of the significantly high level of cultural affairs autonomy for its cantons and municipalities. To the contrary, Spain implemented regionalization policy based on the unique political agreements of the state with each of its “problematic” regions, which only encouraged the irredentist inspirations and secessionist movements of such subjects. In this context it is necessary to stress that the so called de facto inner self-determination of the national minorities, according to the Ukrainian decentralization reform, in no ways means their autonomization or statehood-building, but only their territorial organization, effective participation in local self-governance, and financial / infrastructure capacity building (if not talking about the Crimean Tatar people, who probably will get their ethnic-based autonomy in frames of the unitary Ukraine). At the same time, despite the clear self-determination provisions mentioned in the 1990s political declarations and Constitution, the controversy rules of the 2015 Decentralization Act caused systematic difficulties for ethnic minorities’ practical self-determination if it needs unification of several localities in a “cross-district” or “cross-regional” way.
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Keywords
право на самовизначення, децентралізація, об’єднані територіальні громади, національні меншини, автономія, indigenous peoples, right to self-determination, decentralization, united territorial communities, стаття
Citation
Курінний О. В. Децентралізація (утворення об'єднаних територіальних громад) як альтернатива автономізації та форма внутрішнього самовизначення корінних народів і національних меншин в Україні / Курінний О. В. // Наукові записки НаУКМА. Юридичні науки. - 2017. - Т. 200. - С. 101-105.