Участь кількох осіб у вчиненні необережного злочину за законодавством деяких європейських держав

Abstract

У статті доведено, що кримінальне законодавство та судова практика провідних європейських країн використовують дуалістичну систему норм про участь у злочині кількох осіб. Ця система не виключає участі кількох осіб у вчиненні необережного злочину як співвиконавців. Водночас співучасть у злочині розглядають як нетотожну виконавству виключно умисну діяльність, де немає місця необережній формі вини.

The current situation of negligent crime and appropriate advance of legal science compel a new approach to solving many problems that have accumulated in the law enforcement activity. One of them appears to be insufficient theoretical provisions in the doctrine of criminal law regarding the solution of difficult situations in law enforcement when dangerous consequences for society are caused by negligent behaviour of several offenders. Criminal legislation and court practice of the leading European countries apply the dualistic system of the norms about participation of several persons in a crime. This system is not ruled out of the participation of several persons in a perpetration of negligent crime as an actual doer. Simultaneously, the criminal complicity has been regarded as exclusively intentional activity which is non-identity to accompliceship and which does not have a negligent form of a guilt. This article briefly analyzes legislation approaches in some European countries to the settlement of a joint perpetration of crime by several persons, elucidates a number of problems that the researchers will have to solve in consideration of the modern Euro integration processes. One thing is to decide, which of the systems – dualistic or monistic – has a greater scientific and practice validity, and to chose one of them. The problem of perpetration of negligent crime by several persons is to be solved, whereas this problem has not a unified approach in criminal legislation and the court practice of European countries.