Тест А. Тюрінґа і "робот" Р. Декарта
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Date
2017
Authors
Гусєв, Валентин
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Abstract
У статті висвітлено філософські аспекти проблеми створення штучного інтелекту, а також принципової можливості комп’ютерного моделювання розуму людини. Зокрема, розглянуто питання щодо співвідношення розуму з його тілесним органом - мозком, здійснено порівняння різних варіантів відповіді на це питання. Автор доходить висновку, що дещо трасформований дуалізм Декарта є ближчим до істини, ніж характерний для сучасної науки редукціонізм. Предметом розгляду є також питання критеріїв розумної поведінки людини порівняно з діями машини. Ці критерії досліджено шляхом порівняльного аналізу відомого в науці тесту А. Тюрінґа й уявного експерименту Р. Декарта, відомого в літературі як «робот Декарта». Автор переконує, що запропоновані Р. Декартом критерії розумності (осмислене користування мовою й універсальний характер діяльності), а також така фундаментальна здатність розуму, як інтуїція, виявили принципову неможливість його імітації засобами комп’ютерної техніки.
The article discusses the philosophical aspects of creating artificial intelligence and the possibilities of computer simulation of the human mind; in particular, the issues of the correlation of the mind with the brain. The article compares different ways to answer this question. The author concludes that transformed dualism of Descartes is closer to the truth than it is typical for the modern science reductionism. In his conclusions, the author relies not only on philosophical arguments but also on the results of scientific research, particularly in microbiology and neurophysiology. The article also discusses criteria of reasonable human behaviour in comparison with actions of the machine. These criteria are specifically investigated by comparative analysis of known in the computer science test of A. Turing and a thought experiment of Descartes known in philosophical literature as a “Descartes ’robot”. This analysis allowed us to establish similarities in the approaches of the two outstanding scientists and the fundamental differences between them. The main difference lies in the objectives of these two experiments. If A. Turing tried to show the similarity ofmachine and human, which is, for him, in the reasonableness of their behaviour, Descartes, on the contrary, saw it in the intellect: that the man is fundamentally different from all the most sophisticated machines. The author is convinced that the criteria of reasonableness (meaningful use of language and the universality of the activities) proposed by Descartes, as well as such fundamental capacity of the mind as intuition; reveal the impossibility of its modelling by means of computer technology. The main reason for this situation is, in the author’s opinion, the hierarchical structure of the human mind and its rootedness in the higher information and the semantic system, which in Descartes ’philosophy was traditionally called God.
The article discusses the philosophical aspects of creating artificial intelligence and the possibilities of computer simulation of the human mind; in particular, the issues of the correlation of the mind with the brain. The article compares different ways to answer this question. The author concludes that transformed dualism of Descartes is closer to the truth than it is typical for the modern science reductionism. In his conclusions, the author relies not only on philosophical arguments but also on the results of scientific research, particularly in microbiology and neurophysiology. The article also discusses criteria of reasonable human behaviour in comparison with actions of the machine. These criteria are specifically investigated by comparative analysis of known in the computer science test of A. Turing and a thought experiment of Descartes known in philosophical literature as a “Descartes ’robot”. This analysis allowed us to establish similarities in the approaches of the two outstanding scientists and the fundamental differences between them. The main difference lies in the objectives of these two experiments. If A. Turing tried to show the similarity ofmachine and human, which is, for him, in the reasonableness of their behaviour, Descartes, on the contrary, saw it in the intellect: that the man is fundamentally different from all the most sophisticated machines. The author is convinced that the criteria of reasonableness (meaningful use of language and the universality of the activities) proposed by Descartes, as well as such fundamental capacity of the mind as intuition; reveal the impossibility of its modelling by means of computer technology. The main reason for this situation is, in the author’s opinion, the hierarchical structure of the human mind and its rootedness in the higher information and the semantic system, which in Descartes ’philosophy was traditionally called God.
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Keywords
штучний інтелект, мозок, розум, смисл, механіцизм, дуалізм, artificial intelligence, brain, mind, meaning, mechanism, dualism
Citation
Гусєв Валентин Іванович. Тест А. Тюрінґа і "робот" Р. Декарта / Гусєв В. І. // Наукові записки НаУКМА. Філософія та релігієзнавство. - 2017. - Т. 192. - С. 8-16.