Освіта як фактор зростання ролі жіноцтва в українському суспільстві (1880-ті рр. - початок ХХ ст.)
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Date
2018
Authors
Шандра, Валентина
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Abstract
статті йдеться про освіту як
основний фактор зростання ролі жінок
в українському суспільстві. З’ясовано,
чому держава приділяла жіночій освіті
менше уваги, ніж чоловічій. Простежено виникнення жіночих гімназій та динаміку їх відкриття. Звернута увага на те,
що потребу бути освіченими швидше
демонстрували дівчата з середніх і вищих соціальних прошарків у порівнянні з
нижчими. З’ясовано, що дівчат не задовольняла заборона отримувати університетську освіту, а тому вони виїжджали
на навчання до Цюріха і це стало спонукальним чинником до заснування вищих жіночих курсів в країні. Поширення
всестанової жіночої освіти не усунуло
потребу існування елітних шкіл, якими
вважалися інститути шляхетних панянок. Вони й надалі продовжували функціонування, щоправда демократизувалися
щодо соціального походження своїх вихованок. Звернута увага і на функціонування професійних шкіл, темпи зростання яких суттєво збільшувалися з кожним
десятиріччям, а також на ті знання і
практичні навички, що там можна було
отримати. Завдяки освіті дівчата почали реалізовувати себе у таких галузях, як
педагогіка, медицина, пошта, державна
служба.
The article deals with education, which has become the main factor in the growth of the role of women in Ukrainian society. It was clarified why the state paid less attention to women’s education than education for men. That motivated the private initiative and led to the establishment of different types of schools for girls. The attention was paid to the differences in educational disciplines and to the amount of knowledge provided by schools for girls compared to schools for boys. It was found out how women’s gymnasia developed. The dynamics of the opening of these educational institutions was studied. The attention is paid to the fact that the need to be educated the girls from middle and upper social strata demonstrated more quickly compared with the lower ones. It was found that the girls did not satisfy the prohibition of university education, and therefore they went to study to Zurich and this was a motivating factor for establishing higher female courses in major Ukrainian cities. The spreading of the institution of women’s education did not remove the need for the existence of elite schools, which were considered institutions of noble ladies. They continued to exist, although democratized in terms of the social origin of their pupils. Particular attention was also paid to the functioning of vocational schools, the growth rates of which signifi cantly increased every decade, as well as the knowledge and practical skills that could be obtained there. Thanks to education, girls started to work in such fields as pedagogy, medicine, post, public service, as well as to achieve equal rights in society and electoral rights. Consideration of the spreading of women’s education is carried out with the identifi cation of the attitude of state institutions, the public and individual persons towards the aspirations of girls to acquire education and become full members of society.
The article deals with education, which has become the main factor in the growth of the role of women in Ukrainian society. It was clarified why the state paid less attention to women’s education than education for men. That motivated the private initiative and led to the establishment of different types of schools for girls. The attention was paid to the differences in educational disciplines and to the amount of knowledge provided by schools for girls compared to schools for boys. It was found out how women’s gymnasia developed. The dynamics of the opening of these educational institutions was studied. The attention is paid to the fact that the need to be educated the girls from middle and upper social strata demonstrated more quickly compared with the lower ones. It was found that the girls did not satisfy the prohibition of university education, and therefore they went to study to Zurich and this was a motivating factor for establishing higher female courses in major Ukrainian cities. The spreading of the institution of women’s education did not remove the need for the existence of elite schools, which were considered institutions of noble ladies. They continued to exist, although democratized in terms of the social origin of their pupils. Particular attention was also paid to the functioning of vocational schools, the growth rates of which signifi cantly increased every decade, as well as the knowledge and practical skills that could be obtained there. Thanks to education, girls started to work in such fields as pedagogy, medicine, post, public service, as well as to achieve equal rights in society and electoral rights. Consideration of the spreading of women’s education is carried out with the identifi cation of the attitude of state institutions, the public and individual persons towards the aspirations of girls to acquire education and become full members of society.
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Keywords
жіноча освіта, жіночі гімназії, інститути шляхетних панянок, професійна освіта, стаття, women’s education, women’s gymnasia, institutes of noble ladies, vocational education
Citation
Шандра В. С. Освіта як фактор зростання ролі жіноцтва в українському суспільстві (1880-ті рр. - початок ХХ ст.) / Шандра В. С. // Карпатський край. - 2018. - № 1-2 (10-11). - С. 78-88.