Mazhak, IrynaSudyn, Danylo2026-05-212026-05-212025Mazhak I. Mental Health of Ukrainian Female Forced Migrants in Ireland: A Socio-Ecological Model Approach / Iryna Mazhak and Danylo Sudyn // Social Sciences. - 2025. - Vol. 14, Issue 12. - Article number 714. - https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci141207142076-0760https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci14120714https://ekmair.ukma.edu.ua/handle/123456789/39594This study examines the perceived mental health of Ukrainian female forced migrants in Ireland through the lens of the socio-ecological model (SEM). Using binomial logistic regression on a 2023 online survey dataset (N = 656), it explores multi-level predictors across individual, relationship, community, and societal domains. Results indicate that individual-level factors explain the largest proportion of variance in perceived mental health (Nagelkerke R2 = 0.399). Employment status, self-rated physical health, and coping strategies were key determinants: part-time employment and good physical health were associated with higher odds of good perceived mental health. In contrast, avoidant coping and worsening health were associated with poorer outcomes. Relationship-level factors (R2 = 0.194) also contributed significantly; lack of social support and deteriorating family or friendship ties were linked to poorer mental health, whereas participation in refugee meetings was strongly protective. Community-level factors (R2 = 0.123) revealed that unstable housing, living with strangers, and declining neighbourhood relationships were associated with reduced mental well-being. At the societal level (R2 = 0.168), insufficient access to psychological support and excessive exposure to Ukrainian news were associated with poorer outcomes, while moderate news engagement was protective. The findings highlight the multifaceted nature of refugees’ perceived mental health, emphasising the interdependence of personal resilience, social connectedness, and systemic support.enforced migrantsmental healthsocio-ecological modelwomenwarUkraineIrelandarticleArticle