Ажнюк, Леся2016-08-232016-08-232016Ажнюк Леся Вікторівна. Лінгвістична експертиза в справах про документальні спори / Ажнюк Л. В. // Магістеріум. - 2016. - Вип. 62 : Мовознавчі студії. - С. 3-9.https://ekmair.ukma.edu.ua/handle/123456789/9313The article discusses the approaches of forensic linguistics to the investigation of disputable sections of the texts having juridical consequences (contracts of various types, acts, court decisions bylaws, powers of attorney, testaments, resolutions, records). Despite a specific juridical status of the above documents, they have a number of common essential discourse features distinguishing them from other discourse milieus, for example, colloquial, mass media, advertising, belles-lettres, etc. The basic linguistic category underlying the methodology of the linguistic expert examination is the concept of linguistic certainty which is a linguistic correlate of the juridical category of legal certainty. Linguistic certainty presupposes that even if the specific elements of the text or multiple interconnected texts do not provide for the communicative preciseness and unambiguous understanding of the text or its elements, taking into account a broader legal discourse makes it possible to achieve such communicative preciseness through the application of a number of the formulized linguistic procedures. Linguistic expert examination proceeds from the presumption of the linguistic correctness of the document under investigation, which presupposes that the textual material corresponds to the language norms in general and the established discourse practices in particular until the opposite has been proved. Communicative norm presumption enables to provide well-reasoned argument declining the interpretations of the text based on ascribing the linguistic units of the text of such meanings that do not correspond to the relevant discourse practices. The pragmatics of the juridical texts is determined by performativeness of the language units, i. e. their ability not only to describe certain actions, but to verbally incorporate certain actions represented by the corresponding performative verbs or verbal collocations. In certain texts the tense and aspect forms of the verbs are the principal indicators of concrete performative meanings as perceived against the background of the more generalized performative invariant represented by the genre of the document. An eventual discrepancy between the performative content of the analyzed textual segment, on the one hand, and the anticipated performative content as determined by the established discourse practices, on the other hand, makes the juridical validity of the respective segment of the text highly questionable.У статті окреслено теоретичне й методологічне підґрунтя лінгвістичної експертизи в справах про документальні спори. Це комплексне лінгвістичне дослідження, об’єктом аналізу в якому є тексти документів, які мають юридичні наслідки: нормативні акти, контракти, договори, заповіти, судові рішення й постанови тощо.Як свідчить практика лінгвоекспертної діяльності, поєднання семантичного, структурногоі лінгвопрагматичного підходів при аналізі тексту документа, який допускає різночитання, робить висновок експерта-лінгвіста вагомим доказом у справах про документальні спори.ukприкладна лінгвістикаюридична лінгвістикалінгвістична експертизалінгвопрагматикаперформативне висловленнятеорія мовленнєвих актівforensic linguisticslinguistic expert examinationjuridical linguisticsArticle