Churanova, O.Romaniuk, Viktoriia2024-01-242024-01-242023Churanova O. Anti-EU narratives through the Russian-Ukrainian war in the light of StopFake.org’s debunks / Olena Churanova, Viktoriia Romaniuk // Disinformation and fact-checking in contemporary society / Daniel Catalan-Matamoros (coordinador). - Madrid : Dykinson, 2023. - Chapter 3. - P. 39-61.978-84-1170-710-7https://ekmair.ukma.edu.ua/handle/123456789/27803Disinformation as a tool of warfare was actively used in the Soviet Union and then by the Russian Federation. The conduct of Russia's hybrid war in Ukraine since 2014 has been accompanied by various information operations whose aim is to introduce harmful malign ideas and views into collective and individual consciousness; to disorient and misinform the public; to undermine certain beliefs and stability; to instill fear about one's neighbor through the portrayal of an enemy (Horban, 2015). Russia constantly disseminated a series of disinformation narratives to distort Ukraine's image in the eyes of both Western allies and Ukrainians themselves. Russia actively employs reflexive control to influence the opinions of the majority and the decisions made by stakeholders (Fedchenko, 2016; Media Aijr & Vailliant, 2018). Reflexive control compels a stronger opponent to voluntarily choose a particular action to benefit Russia and shapes the necessary perception of the situation around the opponent (Makukhin, 2018; Snegovaya, 2015). To this end, Russia creates the necessary images, visualizations, fake statements, and fake studies, including fake and manipulative news, all of which work in concert and in one direction – to make the adversary think and make decisions in a way that benefits Russia.endisinformationRussia's hybrid wardisinformation narrativesRussian-Ukrainian warfake newsfake sourcebook chapterBook chapter