Фіґура подібности як композиційний і екзеґетичний прийом у середньовічній і ранньомодерній "пилатіяні"

Abstract

У статті розглядається фігура подібності як літературний засіб та екзегетична структура в рамках наративної та символічної структур середньовічних літературних текстів, простежується онтологічне коріння та філософські джерела цієї риторичної стратегії.

The article considers the figure of similarity as a literary device and exegetical framework within narrative and symbolic structures of medieval literary texts and traces ontological roots and philosophical sources of this rhetorical strategy. The theoretical model suggested in the paper offers a new approach for analyzing 1) the allegorical complexity of mirror characters in medieval literature; 2) the phenomenon of interchangeability of "formalized heroes" (L. Ginzburg); 3) the role of so-called "biblical thematic clues" (R. Piccio) and catalogues in the New Testament apocryphal plots. It is also proposed to distinguish internal [in-text) figures of similarity and external ones, anchored in genre memory that contains all the ethical and aesthetical programs of pre-existing texts. From a literary history perspective, the author makes an attempt to classify figures of similarity and their functions in apocryphal and belletristic narratives from Ukrainian manuscripts of the 13th - 18th centuries, namely in different versions of The Acts of Pilate, The Passion of Christ, The Tale of Judas the Betrayer of our Lord Jesus Christ, Pilate and St. Stephan. It is shown that there are two independent strategies of depicting Pontius Pilate established in Christian apocryphal literature: the first group of texts is based on the mythologeme of the great sinner, whereas the second group is rooted in the theme of a repentant sinner. Although antinomical exegetical lines appealed to distinct subjects of depiction, they were grounded in different generic canons and derived from different biblical thematic clues. Special attention is given to the compositional potentiality of the motif of spiritual similarity in apocrypha about Pontius Pilate and inter-genre dialogism of legendary apologies of Pilate with hagiographical works.