Засоби комічного у трагедокомедії "Володимир" Феофана Прокоповича

Abstract

У статті проаналізовано трагедокомедію Феофана Прокоповича "Володимир" (1705) з огляду на використання в ній комічних засобів. Розглянуто побутування терміну “трагедокомедія ’ в київських поетиках, художні особливості та вимоги до жанру, які висували барокові автори. Окрему увагу приділено використанню фольклорних елементів для досягнення гумористичного ефекту. Доведено, що ключовою темою, довкола якої розгортається більшість смішних ситуацій, постає тема їжі та голоду. Обґрунтовано типологічну подібність комічних засобів, вжитих у трагедокомедії, з українською сміховою культурою низового” бароко.

The article analyzes the use of comic means in the tragicomedy Volodymyr by Theophan Prokopovych (1705). The author describes the term tragicomedy in the courses of poetics, considering the requirements to the genre put forward by the Baroque authors. Particular attention is paid to folklore elements incorporated into the drama to achieve a humorous effect. Unlike the other genres of the Baroque school drama, in which comic scenes called interludes and intermedias are structurally separated from the main text of the play, Prokopovych included such humoristic episodes in the text itself It is proved that the key theme which causes the major of comic situations is food. In the article tlie reader gets to know about the mythological connotations of the opposition of hunger and glut. The author uses the examples to prove the connection and similarity in the nature of humor in the drama by Theophan Prokopovych and the poetic festive burlesque by the Ukrainian wandering dyaks — a specific group of former and current students who visited the homes of wealthy owners for Christmas and Easter and gladden them with singing funny songs on religious and everyday subjects. Consequendy, the typological similarity of the comic means used in the tragicomedy Volodymyr to the Ukrainian laughter culture of the lower Baroque is substantiated in the paper. To a certain extend, the comic elements in the tragicomedy are endowed with the same value as the plot of Grand Prince Volodymyr’s choice of the religious denomination and the history of Christianization of the Rus. The text consists of a number of subtopics, dealing with the features of comic genres; mythological beliefs as a source of laughter; gastronomic imagery; language tools, euphemistic constructions, burlesque and travesty; displaying a clumsy body; rhetorical means by which the juxtaposition of several opposing thoughts seems ridiculous. Finally, tne author raised the question of the satirical intention of laughter in the tragicomedy Volodymyr.