Спекулятивний реалізм у контексті сучасної філософської думки
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Date
2020
Authors
Корчевний, Василь
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Abstract
На прикладі філософів, що передовсім асоціюються зі спекулятивним реалізмом (Ґрема Гармана,
Квентіна Меясу, Іена Гамільтона Ґранта і Рея Брасьє), автор статті досліджує місце цього явища
в контексті сучасної філософії. Дискурси щодо цих мислителів структуровано відповідно до центральних тенденцій, або мотивів, філософської думки, дотичних до спекулятивного реалізму. Показано, що цими тенденціями є реалізм, антикантіанство, матеріалізм, антиантропоцентризм
і увага філософії до математичних і природничих наук. Вони становлять констеляцію дискурсів,
у межах якої функціонує вислів "спекулятивний реалізм". Водночас ці тенденції потребують уточнення щодо кожного з представників спекулятивного реалізму. Запропонована у статті його контекстуалізація розміщує спекулятивний реалізм у межах спекулятивного зсуву, або спекулятивного
повороту, що відбувається в сучасній континентальній філософії. Цей зсув полягає у зміні ставлення у філософській спільноті до питань про "реальність саму по собі", про "Велике Зовнішнє". Релевантність таких проблем відновлюється, і вони стають предметом все нових реалістичних і спекулятивних проєктів.
Basing on the philosophers that are primarily associated with speculative realism (Graham Harman, Quentin Meillassoux, Iain Hamilton Grant, and Ray Brassier), the author of the article examines the place of this phenomenon in the context of contemporary philosophy. The discourses concerning these thinkers are structured according to the central tendencies, or motives, of the philosophical thought that is close to speculative realism. The research shows that these tendencies are as follow: realism, anti-Kantianism, materialism, anti-anthropocentrism, and philosophical attention to mathematical and natural sciences. Speculative realism is an ontological realism that affirms the possibility of human thought to know a thought-independent reality. Thus, it is anti-Kantian by its nature. However, for the most part, philosophers associated with speculative realism propose to transgress the Kantian frame through the radicalization of (post)Kantianism itself. Speculative realism is often considered along with new materialism, but this concept is too wide and polisemantic today to provide considerable clarification concerning the nature of speculative realism. The latter is also characterized by its opposition to anthropocentrism, but this relation is not homogenous among speculative realists and, moreover, is somehow paradoxical, as their speculative stance reserves for humans the noblest ability: to know a thought-independent reality. Finally, the attempt to philosophically engage with natural and mathematical sciences plays a significant role in most of the examined philosophical projects. Speculative realism is inscribed in the speculative shift, or speculative turn, that is happening in the contemporary continental philosophy. This shift is a change in the attitude of the philosophical community towards the questions about "reality in itself" and about the "Great Outdoors." The relevance of such problems is being restored, and they are becoming the subject of emerging realistic and speculative projects.
Basing on the philosophers that are primarily associated with speculative realism (Graham Harman, Quentin Meillassoux, Iain Hamilton Grant, and Ray Brassier), the author of the article examines the place of this phenomenon in the context of contemporary philosophy. The discourses concerning these thinkers are structured according to the central tendencies, or motives, of the philosophical thought that is close to speculative realism. The research shows that these tendencies are as follow: realism, anti-Kantianism, materialism, anti-anthropocentrism, and philosophical attention to mathematical and natural sciences. Speculative realism is an ontological realism that affirms the possibility of human thought to know a thought-independent reality. Thus, it is anti-Kantian by its nature. However, for the most part, philosophers associated with speculative realism propose to transgress the Kantian frame through the radicalization of (post)Kantianism itself. Speculative realism is often considered along with new materialism, but this concept is too wide and polisemantic today to provide considerable clarification concerning the nature of speculative realism. The latter is also characterized by its opposition to anthropocentrism, but this relation is not homogenous among speculative realists and, moreover, is somehow paradoxical, as their speculative stance reserves for humans the noblest ability: to know a thought-independent reality. Finally, the attempt to philosophically engage with natural and mathematical sciences plays a significant role in most of the examined philosophical projects. Speculative realism is inscribed in the speculative shift, or speculative turn, that is happening in the contemporary continental philosophy. This shift is a change in the attitude of the philosophical community towards the questions about "reality in itself" and about the "Great Outdoors." The relevance of such problems is being restored, and they are becoming the subject of emerging realistic and speculative projects.
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Keywords
спекулятивний реалізм, новий матеріалізм, антиантропоцентризм, спекулятивний поворот, стаття, speculative realism, new materialism, anti-anthropocentrism, speculative turn
Citation
Корчевний В. О. Спекулятивний реалізм у контексті сучасної філософської думки / Корчевний В. О. // Наукові записки НаУКМА. Філософія та релігієзнавство. - 2020. - Т. 6. - С. 68-80.