Первинна статистична обробка давньоруської кераміки

Abstract

У роботі розглядаються питання розробки первинного опису масового керамічного матеріалу, головною умовою якого є використання уніфікованої термінології та послідовних операцій. Також мають бути зафіксовані три основні ознаки, що відображають технологію виготовлення (спосіб формовки, рівень розвитку функцій гончарного круга, ознаки додаткової обробки поверхні, домішки, сировина та випал), ознаки морфології, декору та функцій посуду. На основі опису має бути сформована комп’ютерна база даних, що дозволить робити вибір за будь-якою ознакою та її значенню.

The problem of studying ceramic material is one of the key medieval archeology of Kyiv Rus. This category of things is the most numerous groups of finds. Fragile, hut resistant to natural destruction, ceramics accumulated in large quantities in cultural strata. Along with the mass of ceramics, there are ample opportunities to address many issues of the history of everyday life, the "sociology of the past". The lack ofdepositories and the inability of museum institutions to preserve large collections, obliges researchers to process materials with the maximum amount of information and save it for future research. Statistical processing of individual ceramic complexes with different completeness of information was performed repeatedly. However, as a result, the data were unsuitable for comparisons, as obtained using different techniques. Subject to the development of a universal classification, unification of terminology and adherence to uniform principles of primary description, there should be a formalized statistical fixation of information that can be obtained during the study of ceramic material. Based on this, a computer database should be formed, which should allow sampling on any basis and its value. Thus, during the primary processing of ceramic material, three main features should be recorded: reflecting the technology of making ceramics (molding method, level of development ofpottery wheel functions, signs of additional surface treatment, impurities, raw materials and firing), signs of morphology, decor and utensil functions. The proposed program defines the basic principles of primary fixation of the characteristics of ceramics, which in the complex, provided the use of a single method of work with the material, will create a single database and the ability to develop methods for comparing individual complexes.