Характеристика фітопатогенних і токсикогенних властивостей грибів роду Fusarium, ізольованих із зерна Triticum aestivum L.
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Date
2020
Authors
Фуртат, Ірина
Даньшина, Анастасія
Маньковська, Оксана
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Abstract
У статті наведено результати вивчення фітопатогенних і токсигенних властивостей штамів
роду Fusarium, виділених із зерна Triticum aestivum L. З’ясовано, що культури грибів характеризуються переважно помірним рівнем фітотоксичності. Серед 9 досліджених ізолятів лише
Fusarium sр. КМА-17 виявився токсичним. На підставі аналізу фітотоксичного профілю досліджених культур встановлено їхню сортову спеціалізацію: сорт пшениці ярої Тюбалт був більш сприйнятливим до фітотоксичного впливу порівняно із сортом пшениці озимої Вдала. Усі досліджені
штами спричиняли патологічні зміни в піддослідних рослин, зокрема побуріння пагонів і корінців
проростків, затримку росту та в’янення. Культури грибів Fusarium sр. мали середній ступінь
агресивності, їх було зараховано до другої групи патогенності. З’ясовано, що жоден з ізолятів
не містив у своєму геномі гена PSK13, що кодує полікетидсинтазу, залучену до біосинтезу зеараленону. На підставі комплексу ознак охарактеризовані нами культури Fusarium sр. можна вважати нетоксигенними.
Aim. The main purpose of the research was to examine distinct phytopathogenic and toxigenic properties of Fusarium isolates received from Triticum aestivum L. grains and to find out their toxicity. Methods. In this paper, the phytotoxic activity and the aggressiveness of the investigated isolates were defined in order to characterize their phytopathogenicity. In order to determine the possibility of the isolates to synthesize zearalenone, the PCR analysis was used to detect the presence of polyketide synthase gene PKS13, which is important for zearalenone biosynthesis. Results. Most of the investigated isolates were characterized by a moderate level of phytotoxic activity, with only one isolate Fusarium sp. КМА-17 being classified as toxic. Based on the analysis of the phytotoxic profile of the studied fungi cultures, their varietal specialization was established: the spring wheat Tyubalt variety was more susceptible to the phytotoxic effect compared to the winter Wdala variety. Surprisingly, metabolites from some of the isolates were observed to stimulate growth of the Wdala variety seedlings. All of the received fungi isolates caused pathological changes in the experimental plants, including tissue necrosis of shoots and roots of seedlings, retardation of growth and wilting. The studied cultures were characterized by a moderate degree of aggressiveness and were assigned to the second pathogenicity group. PCR study did not reveal the PKS13 gene in genomes of the isolates, which implies the impossibility of synthesizing zearalenone. Conclusions. To sum up, the received Fusarium sp. isolates were characterized by moderate phytotoxicity and aggressiveness and did not show any ability to synthesize zearalenone. Taking the complex of investigated features into account the Fusarium sp. isolates can be considered non-toxigenic.
Aim. The main purpose of the research was to examine distinct phytopathogenic and toxigenic properties of Fusarium isolates received from Triticum aestivum L. grains and to find out their toxicity. Methods. In this paper, the phytotoxic activity and the aggressiveness of the investigated isolates were defined in order to characterize their phytopathogenicity. In order to determine the possibility of the isolates to synthesize zearalenone, the PCR analysis was used to detect the presence of polyketide synthase gene PKS13, which is important for zearalenone biosynthesis. Results. Most of the investigated isolates were characterized by a moderate level of phytotoxic activity, with only one isolate Fusarium sp. КМА-17 being classified as toxic. Based on the analysis of the phytotoxic profile of the studied fungi cultures, their varietal specialization was established: the spring wheat Tyubalt variety was more susceptible to the phytotoxic effect compared to the winter Wdala variety. Surprisingly, metabolites from some of the isolates were observed to stimulate growth of the Wdala variety seedlings. All of the received fungi isolates caused pathological changes in the experimental plants, including tissue necrosis of shoots and roots of seedlings, retardation of growth and wilting. The studied cultures were characterized by a moderate degree of aggressiveness and were assigned to the second pathogenicity group. PCR study did not reveal the PKS13 gene in genomes of the isolates, which implies the impossibility of synthesizing zearalenone. Conclusions. To sum up, the received Fusarium sp. isolates were characterized by moderate phytotoxicity and aggressiveness and did not show any ability to synthesize zearalenone. Taking the complex of investigated features into account the Fusarium sp. isolates can be considered non-toxigenic.
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Keywords
фітопатогенні гриби, фітотоксичність, агресивність, токсигенність, зеараленон, Fusarium, стаття, phytopathogenic fungi, phytotoxicity, aggressiveness, toxicity, zearalenone, Fusarium
Citation
Фуртат І. М. Характеристика фітопатогенних і токсикогенних властивостей грибів роду Fusarium, ізольованих із зерна Triticum aestivum L. / Фуртат І. М., Даньшина А. О., Маньковська О. С. // Наукові записки НаУКМА. Біологія і екологія. - 2020. - Т. 3. - С. 26-34.