Черкесские воины на границе Улуса Джучи в Среднем Поднепровье
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Date
2019
Authors
Бубенок, Олег
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Abstract
Происхождение названия города Черкассы, расположенного на правом берегу Днепра, всегда вызывало интерес
у историков. Популярные в исторической литературе XVI—XVIII вв. легенды сводились к следующему: 1) этническое
название Черкасы появилось в Среднем Поднепровье еще в XII в.; 2) крепость Черкассы была основана в XIII—XIV вв.
беженцами-"черкасами", которые мигрировали в Среднее Поднепровье из района Пятигорья на Северном Кавказе.
Последнняя гипотеза представляет большой интерес, потому что данные археологии и информация Георгия Пахимера позволяют считать, что во второй половине XIII в. золотоордынский правитель Ногай мог переселить адыгов
с Северного Кавказа и поселить их в Среднем Поднепровье. В результате этого переселения здесь возникло поселение
Черкассы.
Кроме того, в бассейне реки Рось возле села Яблоновка были раскопаны курганы. В соответствии с последними
данными, во второй половине XIII в. эти курганы были сооружены переселенцами с Северо-Западного Кавказа, где проживали черкесы. Это стало результатом политики монгольских правителей по укреплению северо-западной границы
Золотой Орды. Эти мигранты являлись хорошо вооруженными кавалеристами.
The origin of the name of Cherkassy city, located on the right bank of the Dnieper river, has always been of interest for the historians. The legends that were popular in the historical literature of the 16th—18th centuries AD provided the follow- ing information: 1) the ethnic name Cherkass appeared in the Middle Dnieper basin as early as the 12th century AD; 2) the Cherkassy fortress was founded in the 13th—14th centuries AD by the refugees-“Circassians” who had migrated to the Middle Dnieper basin from the Five Mountains area in the Northern Caucasus. The last hypothesis is of a special interest because the archeological data and the information provided by Grigorius Pakhimer allow to consider that in the second half of the 13th century AD the Golden Horde ruler Nogay could transmigrate the Adyghes from the Northern Caucasus and settle them in the Middle Dnieper basin. As a result of this migration, initially Cherkassy settlement could be founded there. Besides, in the Ros’ river basin near Yablonovka village the tumuli were excavated. According to the last data, in the second half of the 13th century AD these tumuli were created by the migrants from the North-Western Caucasus where the Circassians lived. It was the result of Mongol rulers’s policy to strengthen the north-western border of the Golden Horde. These migrants were well-armed cavalrymen.
The origin of the name of Cherkassy city, located on the right bank of the Dnieper river, has always been of interest for the historians. The legends that were popular in the historical literature of the 16th—18th centuries AD provided the follow- ing information: 1) the ethnic name Cherkass appeared in the Middle Dnieper basin as early as the 12th century AD; 2) the Cherkassy fortress was founded in the 13th—14th centuries AD by the refugees-“Circassians” who had migrated to the Middle Dnieper basin from the Five Mountains area in the Northern Caucasus. The last hypothesis is of a special interest because the archeological data and the information provided by Grigorius Pakhimer allow to consider that in the second half of the 13th century AD the Golden Horde ruler Nogay could transmigrate the Adyghes from the Northern Caucasus and settle them in the Middle Dnieper basin. As a result of this migration, initially Cherkassy settlement could be founded there. Besides, in the Ros’ river basin near Yablonovka village the tumuli were excavated. According to the last data, in the second half of the 13th century AD these tumuli were created by the migrants from the North-Western Caucasus where the Circassians lived. It was the result of Mongol rulers’s policy to strengthen the north-western border of the Golden Horde. These migrants were well-armed cavalrymen.
Description
Keywords
Среднее Поднепровье, Северный Кавказ, город Черкассы, черкесы, период Золотой Орды, защита границы, хорошо вооруженные кавалеристы, статья, Middle Dnieper region, Northern Caucasus, Cherkassy city, Circassians, Golden Horde period, border protection, well-armed cavalrymen
Citation
Бубенок О. Б. Черкесские воины на границе Улуса Джучи в Среднем Поднепровье / О. Б. Бубенок // Stratum Plus. - 2019. - № 5. - С. 343-356.