Сприйнята соціальна підтримка учасників груп самодопомоги, які мають проблеми психічного здоров'я: взаємозв'язок із соціально-статусними характеристиками
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Date
2019
Authors
Бондаренко, Наталія
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Abstract
У статті розглянуто окремий аспект феномену соціальної підтримки осіб із проблемами психічного здоров’я в рамках груп самодопомоги, а саме сприйнята підтримка та її зв’язок із соціально-статусними характеристиками учасників груп самодопомоги. Підґрунтям такого розгляду є як теоретичні засади розробленої проблематики, так і результати проведеного емпіричного дослідження. Актуальність вивчення проблеми соціальної підтримки осіб із проблемами психічного здоров’я зумовлена необхідністю більш широкого формату вирішення цього питання, ніж лише в рамках психіатрії. Вивчення феномену соціальної підтримки в неблагополучних життєвих подіях (госпіталізація, життя з психічним розладом, безробіття, старість) підтверджує її позитивний вплив на фізичне та психічне здоров’я. Респондентами в дослідженні стали учасники груп самодопомоги, перша з яких працює в лікарні, друга – в умовах громади. Порівняння потреб у підтримці осіб із розладом та осіб без досвіду психічного розладу стало можливим у дослідженні завдяки контрольній групі, яка складалася з осіб без досвіду психічного розладу. Основним інструментарієм дослідження була анкета, розроблена для виявлення відмінностей у сприйнятті соціальної підтримки учасниками двох груп самодопомоги та респондентами контрольної групи. У процесі дослідження було виявлено вплив соціально-статусних характеристик респондентів (вік, сімейний статус, рівень освіти, кількість співмешканців на одній території) на сприйняту ними соціальну підтримку. Було встановлено універсальність потреби в соціальній підтримці для всіх людей незалежно від їхнього соціально-психологічного статусу та стану психічного здоров’я за наявності суттєвих відмінностей у прояві всіх функцій соціальної підтримки в учасників обох груп самодопомоги від контрольної.
The article discusses the actual problem of social support of people with mental health problems in self-help group activities as in an additional resource of receiving social support. The problem of social support for people with mental health problems has an important place in the study field of social psychology and social work. Relevance of the study is that the problem is caused by the inability of its solution only within the medical treatment. The study of the phenomenon of social support for various life events (hospitalization, life with a mental disorder, unemployment, old age) confirms its positive impact on health (physical, mental, social). The members of two self-help groups took part as respondents in the study: one of them works in the hospital, the other one in the community. The study also involved people without experience of mental disorder who formed a control group for comparison of support needs. The developed questionnaire was applied as the main research toolkit. The questionnaire examines the differences in the perceived social support by the participants of two self-help groups and the respondents of the control group. The obtained data allowed us to reveal the influence of the social status characteristics of persons with mental health problems (participants of self-help groups) on their perceived social support. The universality of the need in social support was established for all people, regardless of their socio-psychological and mental health status; at the same time the situation of life with mental disorder and the influence of the isolation factor determine the increased demand for social support for people with mental health problems. The influence of the social status indicators on the perceived social support by persons with mental health problems who are self-help groups participants in the hospital and in the community is proved. The growth in the need for closed supportive relationships among the respondents of both groups was revealed, especially with regard to complicated situations of life (illness, family disorder) with increasing age. It was discovered that with age the issue of housing (material, instrumental support) was aggravated and the chances of receiving support were reduced for respondents from the self-help group at the hospital. It has been determined that the higher education, marital status or living with a partner positively affect the confidence in perceived social support, strengthens self-esteem at the level of success and care, plays an important role in solving complex and crisis issues, and increases the chances of social integration of persons with mental health problems. Instead, it has been confirmed that the indicator of residence with parents for persons with mental health problems has a negative impact on their confidence of receiving psychological and instrumental support. The situation of an adult person living with parents decreases social functioning and the ability to self-efficacy. Thus, the level of education, family status, and marital union are important factors for social integration of adults, both those who have an experience of mental problems and those who have not.
The article discusses the actual problem of social support of people with mental health problems in self-help group activities as in an additional resource of receiving social support. The problem of social support for people with mental health problems has an important place in the study field of social psychology and social work. Relevance of the study is that the problem is caused by the inability of its solution only within the medical treatment. The study of the phenomenon of social support for various life events (hospitalization, life with a mental disorder, unemployment, old age) confirms its positive impact on health (physical, mental, social). The members of two self-help groups took part as respondents in the study: one of them works in the hospital, the other one in the community. The study also involved people without experience of mental disorder who formed a control group for comparison of support needs. The developed questionnaire was applied as the main research toolkit. The questionnaire examines the differences in the perceived social support by the participants of two self-help groups and the respondents of the control group. The obtained data allowed us to reveal the influence of the social status characteristics of persons with mental health problems (participants of self-help groups) on their perceived social support. The universality of the need in social support was established for all people, regardless of their socio-psychological and mental health status; at the same time the situation of life with mental disorder and the influence of the isolation factor determine the increased demand for social support for people with mental health problems. The influence of the social status indicators on the perceived social support by persons with mental health problems who are self-help groups participants in the hospital and in the community is proved. The growth in the need for closed supportive relationships among the respondents of both groups was revealed, especially with regard to complicated situations of life (illness, family disorder) with increasing age. It was discovered that with age the issue of housing (material, instrumental support) was aggravated and the chances of receiving support were reduced for respondents from the self-help group at the hospital. It has been determined that the higher education, marital status or living with a partner positively affect the confidence in perceived social support, strengthens self-esteem at the level of success and care, plays an important role in solving complex and crisis issues, and increases the chances of social integration of persons with mental health problems. Instead, it has been confirmed that the indicator of residence with parents for persons with mental health problems has a negative impact on their confidence of receiving psychological and instrumental support. The situation of an adult person living with parents decreases social functioning and the ability to self-efficacy. Thus, the level of education, family status, and marital union are important factors for social integration of adults, both those who have an experience of mental problems and those who have not.
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Keywords
соціальна підтримка, психологічна підтримка, особи з проблемами психічного здоров’я, групи самодопомоги, копінг-стратегії, стаття, social support, perceived support, received support, people with mental health problems, self-help groups, coping strategies
Citation
Бондаренко Н. Б. Сприйнята соціальна підтримка учасників груп самодопомоги, які мають проблеми психічного здоров'я: взаємозв'язок із соціально-статусними характеристиками / Бондаренко Н. Б. // Психологія та психосоціальні інтервенції : науковий журнал. - 2019. - Т. 2. - С. 3-12.