Еврейская община Херсонеса (Херсона) в античное и средневековое время
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Date
2011
Authors
Кизилов, Михаил
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Abstract
This article analyzes the history of the Jewish community of Chersonesos (western
Crimea) from ancient times until the alleged expulsion of the Jews from the town
in 1096/7. The earliest Jewish settlers moved to Chersonesos not later than the 1st
century CE (according to some scholars they had already settled there in the 2nd
century BCE). According to “Vitae of the Saint Bishops of Chersonesos” the Jews
continued living in the town ca. 300 CE. In the 1950s, Hebrew graffiti markings
were discovered during the excavation of the so-called “basilica of 1935”.
The author offers a new reading of these graffiti, which contain the toponym
“Jerusalem”, the name “Hananiah ben Shabbetai”, and the ritual formula “amen
amen selah”. These graffiti were inscribed on the walls of the building which had
apparently functioned as a synagogue from the 4th through the 5th centuries CE.
The presence of Jews and Samaritans in Chersonesos is also mentioned in the
Vita of Constantine the Philosopher (St. Cyril) ca. 860-861. The last reference to
the presence of the Jews in Chersonesos is found in the Vita of St. Eustratios ca.
1096-1097. According to this source, the Jews were expelled from the town as a
result of their involvement in the trade in Christian slaves. Tt seems that after this
alleged expulsion the Jews never returned to Chersonesos, which ceased to exist
as a settlement in the mid-fifteenth century.
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Keywords
евреи, еврейская община, Херсонес, Античность, Средневековье, история, граффити, статья
Citation
Кизилов М. Еврейская община Херсонеса (Херсона) в античное и средневековое время / Михаил Кизилов // Українська орієнталістика : спеціальний випуск з юдаїки. - 2011. - С. 170-187.