Зміни в семантиці лексичних одиниць економічної сфери в сучасній українській тлумачній лексикографії

Abstract

У статті розглянуто семантичні процеси в економічній лексиці української мови, що відбуваються під впливом важливих подій у житті суспільства кінця XX – початку XXI ст. Здійснено порівняльний аналіз словникових статей лексем економічної сфери в українських лексикографічних працях тлумачного типу радянського та пострадянського періодів, які фіксують зміни в їхній семантиці. З’ясовано, що слова позбуваються ідеологічної конотації, набутої в умовах функціонування в радянському тоталітарному дискурсі.

Background. In recent years, social-political and economic processes have led to the changes in the lexical-semantic system of the Ukrainian language in general and in the economic vocabulary in particular. Considerable number of words in the economic sphere undergoes semantic transformations due to their liberation from ideological connotations of the Soviet totalitarian discourse, which is fixed by modern interpretative lexicographic works. Purpose. The purpose of this article is to highlight the changes in the semantic content of the lexical units of economic sphere based on the comparison of the interpretations of words in lexicographic works of the Soviet and post-Soviet periods. Methods. In this paper, the descriptive, diachronic-comparative and component analysis method are used. In addition, the methods of classification and systematization of lexical material are involved. Results. Comparative analysis of lexicographic material has demonstrated an update of the definitions and illustrative material used to explain the lexemes of the economic sphere. Ideologized word groups such as “in capitalist countries” or “in bourgeois society”, expressive words, restrictive remarks, etc. have been removed from the dictionary entries. It has been established that the purely economic meaning is actualized in the words, their interpretations reveal the content of economic categories and operations related to any society without indicating their correctness or falsity from the standpoint of ideological doctrine. Due to the neutralization of meanings, a large number of derivative lexemes and new appositions have appeared. The transition to a passive vocabulary of words to designate the realities of the Soviet economic system and the loss of their connotative positive value has been revealed. At the same time, examples of incomplete deideologization of lexical units have been considered. Discussion. In modern interpretative dictionaries of the Ukrainian language, we observe gradual release of the semantics of words of economic sphere from negative or positive evaluative characteristics of the Soviet era, which ensures its neutralization and true interpretation. Perspectives of further research are the study of changes in the lexical-semantic system of language based on the materials of both lexicographic works and artistic and journalistic texts.