Модифікації семантики фазовості в реченнях з дієслівними предикатами
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Date
2017
Authors
Кадочнікова, Олена
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Abstract
У статті проаналізовано способи реалізації граматичного значення фазовості в реченнях з дієслівними предикатами. Схарактеризовано структурні моделі предикатів з фазовим значенням, установлено систему структурно-семантичних співвідношень між ними. Описано, як формальне вираження предиката пов’язане з утворенням додаткових відтінків його значення.
Predikative meaning of beginning of action has the most ways of expression in Ukrainian, and meaning of completion has the least. It testifies importance of semantic of beginning in the whole picture of the world of Ukrainians (and it is proved by language system and the speakers’ desire to be extremely correct in explanation of this semantic). The variants of semantic of beginning cause additional semantic and pragmatic aspects, which are expressed by the structure of predicates, grammatical forms and meaning of its components, forms of predicative connection. The phase semantic of verbum predicates is closely related to the category of aspect: the perfect verbs have the semantic of beginning or completion of action; the continuous ones with auxiliary verbs or special adverbs may be used to express any phase of action. Phase verbs have aspect correlations, but contamination of their grammar and lexical meanings generates some language paradox: починати, закінчувати + infinitive express semantic both - beginning and completion as a continued process. Widespread in modern Ukrainian form продовжити / продовжувати + infinitive is not a feature of standard language. Analyticity of predicate structure influences on its meaning: auxiliary verbs actualizes different semas in the semantic of the whole predicate without changing its general meaning. It helps to prioritize speaker’s intensions. But it is possible to express different phase cemantics without any additional components in Ukrainian as a synthetical language. That’s why simple forms are considered as stylistic neutral ones.
Predikative meaning of beginning of action has the most ways of expression in Ukrainian, and meaning of completion has the least. It testifies importance of semantic of beginning in the whole picture of the world of Ukrainians (and it is proved by language system and the speakers’ desire to be extremely correct in explanation of this semantic). The variants of semantic of beginning cause additional semantic and pragmatic aspects, which are expressed by the structure of predicates, grammatical forms and meaning of its components, forms of predicative connection. The phase semantic of verbum predicates is closely related to the category of aspect: the perfect verbs have the semantic of beginning or completion of action; the continuous ones with auxiliary verbs or special adverbs may be used to express any phase of action. Phase verbs have aspect correlations, but contamination of their grammar and lexical meanings generates some language paradox: починати, закінчувати + infinitive express semantic both - beginning and completion as a continued process. Widespread in modern Ukrainian form продовжити / продовжувати + infinitive is not a feature of standard language. Analyticity of predicate structure influences on its meaning: auxiliary verbs actualizes different semas in the semantic of the whole predicate without changing its general meaning. It helps to prioritize speaker’s intensions. But it is possible to express different phase cemantics without any additional components in Ukrainian as a synthetical language. That’s why simple forms are considered as stylistic neutral ones.
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Keywords
предикат, фазовість, структурно-семантичні співвідношення, модифікаційні співвідношення, синтетизм, аналітизм, стаття, predicate, phase meaning, structure and semantic correlations, modification, compound and simple predicates, synthetic and analytic languages
Citation
Кадочнікова О. Модифікації семантики фазовості в реченнях з дієслівними предикатами / Олена Кадочнікова // Вісник Львівського університету. Серія філологічна. - 2017. - Вип. 64, ч. 1. - С. 160-168.