Початок еволюції втульчастих сокир-кельтів бронзової доби на території України

Abstract

У статті з використанням нових матеріалів розглядаються ранні етапи еволюції втульчастих сокир-кельтів у Східній Європі.

The issue of origins of the Eastern European Late Bronze Age bush-based axes (celts) still has no reasoned explanation. With new excavations and finds of metal artifacts of the Ukrainian Middle Bronze Age, a new theory about its evolution can be suggested. Relying on the hoards of Skakun, Velyke Sadove, Staryi Bykiv and Novoselytsa we can conclude that the technological tradition of creating "folded" bushes on hoes, adzes, chisels, axes, and spears originated in the Ukrainian territories in the second half of 3000 BC., in the Yamnaya-Catacomb time. Further development of wares with "folded" bushes in the Ukrainian territories refers to the Babino culture period of the early 2000 BC., when the first tin bronze wares originate. The Mariyankivsky hoard of woodworking tools, along with the Kozary-type complexes are the foundation for the identification of a new, previously unknown, large group of metal wares (a metallurgical tradition?) of the Ukrainian Middle Age period, which, during late Bronze Age, serves as the origin of the Kardashynska (Bilogrudivska culture) and the Loboikivka (Berezhnovka-Mayovka Srubnaya culture) metallurgical traditions, including bush-based axes (celts) with a "deaf" cast bush. The Kirovsky-type axes (celts) with a "folded" bush of the Babino culture time serve as the foundation for the Râşeşti metallurgical tradition of the Noua and Sabatynivka culture.