У статті з використанням нових матеріалів
розглядаються ранні етапи еволюції втульчастих
сокир-кельтів у Східній Європі.
The issue of origins of the Eastern European Late
Bronze Age bush-based axes (celts) still has no reasoned
explanation. With new excavations and finds
of metal artifacts of the Ukrainian Middle Bronze
Age, a new theory about its evolution can be suggested.
Relying on the hoards of Skakun, Velyke Sadove,
Staryi Bykiv and Novoselytsa we can conclude that the
technological tradition of creating "folded" bushes on
hoes, adzes, chisels, axes, and spears originated in the
Ukrainian territories in the second half of 3000 BC., in
the Yamnaya-Catacomb time.
Further development of wares with "folded" bushes
in the Ukrainian territories refers to the Babino culture
period of the early 2000 BC., when the first tin
bronze wares originate.
The Mariyankivsky hoard of woodworking tools,
along with the Kozary-type complexes are the foundation
for the identification of a new, previously unknown,
large group of metal wares (a metallurgical tradition?)
of the Ukrainian Middle Age period, which, during late
Bronze Age, serves as the origin of the Kardashynska
(Bilogrudivska culture) and the Loboikivka (Berezhnovka-Mayovka Srubnaya culture) metallurgical traditions,
including bush-based axes (celts) with a "deaf"
cast bush.
The Kirovsky-type axes (celts) with a "folded" bush
of the Babino culture time serve as the foundation for
the Râşeşti metallurgical tradition of the Noua and
Sabatynivka culture.
