Розробка технології термостійких композитів електротехнічного призначення, наповнених волокнами з гірничих порід : автореферат дисертації на здобуття наукового ступеня кандидата технічних наук
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Date
1999
Authors
Забава, Луція
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Abstract
Автореферат дисертації присвячено створенню наповнених волокнами з гірничих порід, зокрема базальту, термостійких електроізоляційних композиційних полімерних матеріалів з властивостями, стабільними в жорстких умовах експлуатації, та розробленню технології їхнього виготовлення. Встановлено вплив стану та властивостей поверхні базальтового волокна на фізико-хімічні процеси його взаємодії з полімерними зв’язуючими. Досліджено вплив базальтових волокон і технологічних параметрів формування термостійких композиційних полімерних матеріалів на їхні фізико-механічні та діелектричні властивості. Показано, що завдяки унікальним властивостям базальтові волокна є перспективним наповнювачем термостійких композиційних полімерних матеріалів електротехнічного призначення. Розроблено технологію виготовлення фольгованих базальто- текстолітів - діелектриків з високими стабільними експлуатаційними характеристиками. Здійснено практичне застосування виконаних розробок.
The thesis abstract is devoted to creation of thermoresistance composites remforced in mineral rock fibres for electrotechnic purposes and developing technology of laminates. The aim is to obtain dielectrics having good properties stable at hard condition of exploitation. Mineral fibres are produced from some eruptive rocks such as basalt, diabase, porphyrite, andesite, gabbro, etc. Physical-chemical properties of continuous mineral fibres (basalt in particular) in comparing with standard E-glass fibres show evident advantages regarding thermal resistance, hygroscopy and mechanical strength depended on thermal "history", chemical and phase composition of the initial mineral, and also especially on the chemistry' and nature of the fibre surface. The basalt fibres are used for reinforcing electrotechnical composits for the first time. The results of investigation showed that basalt fibres are attractive and perspective filler for the original composite materials used in electrotechnique in spite of the presence of iron oxydes. The improvement of properties of basalt fibre composites at high temperatures compared to fibreglass composites cannot be explained only from the physical-chemical point of view at the present time. One can only suspect that the Fe2+/Fe3+ ratio in the basalt together with the morphology of the fibre surface creates special conditions at the interface for the interaction with sizing agents and binder. Basalt fibres have been studied using methods of IR-spectroscopy of transmission and internal reflection. Results of analysis testify the difference between volume and surface structure as well as the higher concentration of impunity metals on fibre surface than in volume in distinction from glass fibre. Due to the high contents of iron, the fibre surface becomes more active to interaction with surfactants and polymeric binders to obtaining monolithic composite having high thermal and moisture resistance as well as dielectric properties keeping them stable at the hard exploitation conditions. The experiments proved the existence of free and/or bound silanol groups as well as hydroxyl groups of impurity metals on the fibre surface. Those groups are active adsorption centres and can interact with the components of polymeric binders. Several methods of processing of basalt fibres surface by surfacnants and sizes for obtaining good adhesivness and resin compatibility tested. Analising the results showed that sizing basalt fibres during the process of forming fibres by active sizes is preferable from technological, technical, ecological and economical points of view. The special sizes for basalt continuous fibres have been developed. For realisation of high thermal resistance of the basalt fiber, the thermosetting polymeric binders such as phenolic, epoxy, epoxyphenolic, silicone and polyimide were used. It was ascertained that basalt fibers and their surface condition influence on physical and chemical processes of interaction with polymeric binders. When introduced into composites, continuous basalt fibres improve greatly the thermal- mechanical and dielectric parameters keepmg them more stable compared to E-glass fibres at high temperature and moisture. It was ascertained that technological parameters for forming composites (temperature, pressure and time of their affect) influence on physical-chemical processes of interaction between basalt fibers and polymeric binders as well as on exploatation characteristics of composites and products such as foil-clad textolites being a dielectric base of printed circuit boards. The original basalt fiber reinforced thermoresistance composites for electrotechnic purposes are elaborated firstly. These composits are recomended for application in radio, electronic, instrument-making industries and others. It must be stressed that the cost of proposed composits is lower due to using basalt fiber the technology of which is more simple, economical, ecological in comparing with the glass fiber technology. Resources of basalt rock are unlimited in Ukraine. Technological process for manufacturing thermoresistance composite materials reinforced in mineral rock (basalt in particular) fibres with good stable exploitation characteristics has developed. The dissertation results have found an industrial utility in the production of dielectric base of printed circuit boards.
Автореферат диссертации посвящен созданию термостойких электроизоляционных композиционных полимерных материалов, наполненных волокнами из горных пород, в частности из базальта, обладающих свойствами, стабильными в жестких условиях эксплуатации, и разработке технологии их изготовления. Установлено влияние состояния и свойств поверхности базальтового волокна на физико-химические процессы взаимодействия с полимерными связующими. Исследовано влияние базальтовых волокон и технологических параметров формования термостойких композитов на их физико-механические и диэлектрические свойства. Показано, что базальтовые волокна, благодаря их уникальным свойствам, являются перспективным наполнителем термостойких композиционных полимерных материалов электротехнического назначения. Разработана технология изготовления фольгированных базальтотекстолитов - диэлектриков с высокими стабильными эксплуатационными характеристиками. Осуществлена практическая реализация разработки.
The thesis abstract is devoted to creation of thermoresistance composites remforced in mineral rock fibres for electrotechnic purposes and developing technology of laminates. The aim is to obtain dielectrics having good properties stable at hard condition of exploitation. Mineral fibres are produced from some eruptive rocks such as basalt, diabase, porphyrite, andesite, gabbro, etc. Physical-chemical properties of continuous mineral fibres (basalt in particular) in comparing with standard E-glass fibres show evident advantages regarding thermal resistance, hygroscopy and mechanical strength depended on thermal "history", chemical and phase composition of the initial mineral, and also especially on the chemistry' and nature of the fibre surface. The basalt fibres are used for reinforcing electrotechnical composits for the first time. The results of investigation showed that basalt fibres are attractive and perspective filler for the original composite materials used in electrotechnique in spite of the presence of iron oxydes. The improvement of properties of basalt fibre composites at high temperatures compared to fibreglass composites cannot be explained only from the physical-chemical point of view at the present time. One can only suspect that the Fe2+/Fe3+ ratio in the basalt together with the morphology of the fibre surface creates special conditions at the interface for the interaction with sizing agents and binder. Basalt fibres have been studied using methods of IR-spectroscopy of transmission and internal reflection. Results of analysis testify the difference between volume and surface structure as well as the higher concentration of impunity metals on fibre surface than in volume in distinction from glass fibre. Due to the high contents of iron, the fibre surface becomes more active to interaction with surfactants and polymeric binders to obtaining monolithic composite having high thermal and moisture resistance as well as dielectric properties keeping them stable at the hard exploitation conditions. The experiments proved the existence of free and/or bound silanol groups as well as hydroxyl groups of impurity metals on the fibre surface. Those groups are active adsorption centres and can interact with the components of polymeric binders. Several methods of processing of basalt fibres surface by surfacnants and sizes for obtaining good adhesivness and resin compatibility tested. Analising the results showed that sizing basalt fibres during the process of forming fibres by active sizes is preferable from technological, technical, ecological and economical points of view. The special sizes for basalt continuous fibres have been developed. For realisation of high thermal resistance of the basalt fiber, the thermosetting polymeric binders such as phenolic, epoxy, epoxyphenolic, silicone and polyimide were used. It was ascertained that basalt fibers and their surface condition influence on physical and chemical processes of interaction with polymeric binders. When introduced into composites, continuous basalt fibres improve greatly the thermal- mechanical and dielectric parameters keepmg them more stable compared to E-glass fibres at high temperature and moisture. It was ascertained that technological parameters for forming composites (temperature, pressure and time of their affect) influence on physical-chemical processes of interaction between basalt fibers and polymeric binders as well as on exploatation characteristics of composites and products such as foil-clad textolites being a dielectric base of printed circuit boards. The original basalt fiber reinforced thermoresistance composites for electrotechnic purposes are elaborated firstly. These composits are recomended for application in radio, electronic, instrument-making industries and others. It must be stressed that the cost of proposed composits is lower due to using basalt fiber the technology of which is more simple, economical, ecological in comparing with the glass fiber technology. Resources of basalt rock are unlimited in Ukraine. Technological process for manufacturing thermoresistance composite materials reinforced in mineral rock (basalt in particular) fibres with good stable exploitation characteristics has developed. The dissertation results have found an industrial utility in the production of dielectric base of printed circuit boards.
Автореферат диссертации посвящен созданию термостойких электроизоляционных композиционных полимерных материалов, наполненных волокнами из горных пород, в частности из базальта, обладающих свойствами, стабильными в жестких условиях эксплуатации, и разработке технологии их изготовления. Установлено влияние состояния и свойств поверхности базальтового волокна на физико-химические процессы взаимодействия с полимерными связующими. Исследовано влияние базальтовых волокон и технологических параметров формования термостойких композитов на их физико-механические и диэлектрические свойства. Показано, что базальтовые волокна, благодаря их уникальным свойствам, являются перспективным наполнителем термостойких композиционных полимерных материалов электротехнического назначения. Разработана технология изготовления фольгированных базальтотекстолитов - диэлектриков с высокими стабильными эксплуатационными характеристиками. Осуществлена практическая реализация разработки.
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Keywords
базальтове волокно, текстоліт, фольґований діелектрик, технологічний процес, параметри, експлуатаційні характеристики, автореферат дисертації, basalt fiber, textolite, foil-clad dielectric, technological process, parameter, exploitation characteristic, thesis abstract, базальтовое волокно, текстолит, фолъгированный диэлектрик, технологический процесс, параметры, эксплуатационные характеристики, автореферат диссертации
Citation
Забава Л. К. Розробка технології термостійких композитів електротехнічного призначення, наповнених волокнами з гірничих порід : автореферат дисертації на здобуття наукового ступеня кандидата технічних наук / Забава Луція Казимирівна ; Міністерство освіти України, Київський державний університет технологій та дизайну. - Київ : [б. в.], 1999. - 17 с.