Нобелівська лекція як віддзеркалення світогляду лауреата

Abstract

Статтю присвячено дослідженню змістової складової такого специфічного мовленнєвого жанру як Нобелівська лекція. Увагу зосереджено на проблемно-тематичних характеристиках англомовних лекцій, які були прочитані лауреатами в галузі літератури. Проаналізовано чинники, що впливають на зміст лекції. Встановлено взаємозв’язок між темою доповіді та офіційним обґрунтуванням нагороди членами Шведської академії.

In recent years, there has been an increasing number of scholar papers on the various aspects of public speaking from the perspective of pragmatics, psycholinguistics, sociolinguistics, and critical analysis of discourse. Numerous studies have been published on distinguishing characteristics of political discourse. The lecture as a specific genre of public speaking is also in the focus of linguistic study in diachronic and synchronic aspects. However, several attempts have been made to explore such a kind of lecture as the Nobel lecture, and they presuppose an in-depth study of its lexical-grammatical, linguistic, and compositional features. It is important to analyze the potential of these lectures to influence public opinion, to persuade and encourage the audience to rethink their values and beliefs. In addition to a detailed analysis of linguistic means and compositional features of Nobel lectures, their content components should be thoroughly examined. The aim of our article is to investigate how the Nobel lecture reveals the personality of the laureate and to establish whether the official justification of the award determines the topic of the lecture. Methods. A method of linguistic description and observation, a descriptive method, and a contextual-interpretation method are used in the research. Results. The outcomes of our study indicate that there is a close relationship between the content constutuent of the Nobel lecture and the outlook of the laureate, and the lecture itself can be regarded as a brief but extremely powerful expression of his/her human and professional qualities. The analyzed texts indicate that the choice of the topic for the lecture is significantly influenced by the official justification of the award. The Nobel lecture gives an opportunity not only to perceive the literary style of the author but also to better understand his/her social, moral, political, religious, and aesthetic values. Discussion. Further research can be focused on the comparison of the academic lecture and the Nobel lecture in terms of the compositional structure and employed linguistic means. Keywords: public speaking, the Nobel lecture, the content component, problem and thematic features, laureate’s worldview.