Прозорість як принцип діяльності органів публічної влади

Abstract

У статті здійснено загальний аналіз дотримання принципу прозорості й відкритості у діяльності органів державної влади та органів місцевого самоврядування. Подано характеристику основних підходів та вразливих сфер дотримання органами публічної влади законодавчих положень щодо оприлюднення інформації про їхню роботу. Проаналізовано засади організації функціонування офіційних веб-сайтів органів публічної влади, акцентовано увагу на особливостях діяльності органів місцевого самоврядування у цьому напрямі забезпечення дотримання принципу прозорості.

The article presents a legal analysis of the principle of transparency and openness in the activities of the state and local authorities. The principle of transparency is studied in terms of the constitutional human rights for information. There is a general review of distinctive characteristics of such related concepts as transparency, openness, and publicity. The author notes that the principle of publicity requirements is mainly characterized through the public dimension and even some ceremonial activities of public authorities. Openness as part of a broad understanding of the principle of transparency provides an opportunity for any person to directly obtain information on the activities of the state or local self-government authority. In other words, the requirement for openness should be considered from the perspective of a person’s possibility for the actual access to the government facilities, his or her opportunity to review the transcript, records, audio and video recordings of official meetings, etc. Transparency (glassy) in its narrow perception and interpretation should be understood as an ability of any person by using certain tools to view the activities of the state or local authority as in a glass. This is an opportunity to comprehend all the internal processes that could influence the way, type, and terms of taking decisions in each particular case. The article presents the characteristics of the main approaches and vulnerable areas of compliance by public authorities functioning with legislative provisions on disclosure of information about their work. The attention is focused on the presumption of public administration on the accessibility and openness of public information with some restrictions established by law. The article also analyzes the main principles of the organization of public authorities’ official websites with a special attention to peculiarities of the local self-government powers in this area, which could be used more effectively to ensure compliance with the principle of transparency. A special attention is paid to the importance and necessity of the local by-law-making and regulation. At this level of legal regulation it is frequently possible to provide even wider and more effective implementation of the principle of transparency than it is provided by the national legislation.