Умови договору про споживчий кредит: відповідність європейським стандартам

Abstract

Статтю присвячено правовому аналізу положень нового Закону України «Про споживче кредитування», яким врегульовано питання усього процесу споживчого кредитування: від отримання фізичною особою інформації про споживчий кредит, його укладення і аж до його виконання. Проаналізовано положення статті 12 Закону, де прописано умови договору про споживчий кредит, на відповідність їх стандартам Європейського Союзу, зокрема положенням Директиви 2008/48.

The Article discusses the new Law of Ukraine “On Consumers’ Credit” provisions. The Law sets up the comprehensive legal framework for all the consumers’ activities related to the сredit ranging from obtaining information about the credit to drawing and executing the сredit agreements. Article 12 clauses are analyzed in detail as the article establishes basic conditions for the consumers’ credit and are aligned with the EU Standards, in particular with the EU Directive 2008/48. The historic background of the Law is reviewed. The global financial crisis of 2008 paired with Ukraine’s obligations resulting from the Ukraine–European Union Association Agreement were the driving forces of the new Law adoption. By 2016, the issue of consumer credit provisions was regulated by a number of regulations, the main of which was Art. 11 of the Law of Ukraine “On Consumers’ Rights Protection.” However, it did not meet the needs of the time. The consumers’ credit agreements have the characteristics of a standard form contract and contract of adhesion. Regardless of the fact that both parties are equal according to the civil law, the state needs to interfere by introducing the provisions preventing financial institutions from abusing consumers. Article 12 of the Law of Ukraine “On Consumers’ Credit” is an example of such interference. Although Article 12 the Law of Ukraine “On Consumers’ Credit” is titled “Conditions of the Consumers’ Credit Agreements,” in fact it covers the content of such an agreement rather than conditions. Due to the comparative analysis of Article 12 of the Law of Ukraine “On Consumers’ Credit” provisions on consumers’ loans conditions findings, the conclusion is made that in general the conditions are aligned with the standards of the EU and the standards of the EU Directive 2008/48 in particular.