Мова підписів унійних священиків Наддніпрянщини в ґродських книгах 1768 р.
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Date
2017
Authors
Смірнов, О. В.
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Abstract
Гайдамацьке повстання 1768 р. (Коліївщина) великою мірою було спрямоване проти унійного
духовенства. Ті зі священиків, які вціліли, внесли до ґродських книг у Житомирі т. зв. «Skargi i
zażalenia xięży unitów…» з розповіддю про насильства та кривди гайдамаків. Під «Скаргами…»
священики залишили свої підписи трьома мовами: польською, українською та латиною. Саме вибір
мови та її характеристики і є предметом цієї статті. На підставі аналізу підписів автор
доходить висновків, що у 1768 р. українська мова використовувалася унійними священиками
на письмі, хоча й поступалася польській. Латиною послуговувалися переважно унійні еліти.
The Haydamak uprising of 1768 known as Koliyivshchyna was aimed to a great extent at the Uniate priests. Those who survived made formal “Accusations and complains of the Uniate priests…” telling about slaughter and tortures committed by the Haydamaks. Priests signed “Accusations…” in Polish, Ukrainian, and Latin. This article discusses the language choice and social characteristics of its users. The usage of the Ruthenian (Ukrainian or Belorusian) language by the Uniate priests of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth has been the focus of research before; historians were analyzing perish registers as their main sources. Such registers were filled out in a language most comfortable to priests, whereas in our case, the choice of a language was rather a matter of presentation of priests to others. For convenience, signatures were classified into three language groups. Among 299 (100 %) signatures, 260 (87 %) were in Polish, 24 (8 %) in Ukrainian, and 15 (5 %) in Latin. Ukrainian and Polish names for a priest (otec’ or ierey vs xiądz), as well as Polish and Ukrainian versions of personal names (Hryhory vs Grzegorz, Danylo vs Daniel, Petro vs Piotr, Wasyly vs Bazyli, Dymytry vs Demetriusz) seem to have been used interchangeably, as they do not necessarily correspond to the language of the signature. Ukrainian signatures were written in the Latin script phonetically; they were free from the burden of the Old-Church Slavonic tradition. “Accusations…” give evidence of the Ukrainian language used by some Uniate priests in 1768, although Polish was more preferred, while Latin was the language of choice for the Uniate elite.
The Haydamak uprising of 1768 known as Koliyivshchyna was aimed to a great extent at the Uniate priests. Those who survived made formal “Accusations and complains of the Uniate priests…” telling about slaughter and tortures committed by the Haydamaks. Priests signed “Accusations…” in Polish, Ukrainian, and Latin. This article discusses the language choice and social characteristics of its users. The usage of the Ruthenian (Ukrainian or Belorusian) language by the Uniate priests of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth has been the focus of research before; historians were analyzing perish registers as their main sources. Such registers were filled out in a language most comfortable to priests, whereas in our case, the choice of a language was rather a matter of presentation of priests to others. For convenience, signatures were classified into three language groups. Among 299 (100 %) signatures, 260 (87 %) were in Polish, 24 (8 %) in Ukrainian, and 15 (5 %) in Latin. Ukrainian and Polish names for a priest (otec’ or ierey vs xiądz), as well as Polish and Ukrainian versions of personal names (Hryhory vs Grzegorz, Danylo vs Daniel, Petro vs Piotr, Wasyly vs Bazyli, Dymytry vs Demetriusz) seem to have been used interchangeably, as they do not necessarily correspond to the language of the signature. Ukrainian signatures were written in the Latin script phonetically; they were free from the burden of the Old-Church Slavonic tradition. “Accusations…” give evidence of the Ukrainian language used by some Uniate priests in 1768, although Polish was more preferred, while Latin was the language of choice for the Uniate elite.
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Keywords
Правобережжя, Наддніпрянщина, Коліївщина, уніати, греко-католики, священики, парохи, українська мова, Right-Bank Ukraine, Koliyivshchyna, Greek-Catholics, priests, Ukrainian language, Uniates, стаття
Citation
Смірнов О. В. Мова підписів унійних священиків Наддніпрянщини в ґродських книгах 1768 р. / Смірнов О. В. // Наукові записки НаУКМА. Історичні науки. - 2017. - Т. 194. - С. 31-40.