Декілька спостережень щодо кантознавчих студій Івана Четверикова: європейський контекст
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Date
2017
Authors
Козловський, Віктор
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Abstract
У статті розглянуто один із аспектів малодослідженого філософського доробку вихованця і викладача психології Київської духовної академії Івана Пименовича Четверикова (1875-1969), пов’язаний із його зацікавленістю вченням Канта. Предметом аналізу є передусім концептуальні підходи до вивчення кантівської думки, викладені І. Четвериковим у магістерській дисертації «О Боге как личном существе» (1903), що увиразнює вагомість досліджень людської особи, здійснених у модерній філософії, зокрема й у критичній філософії Канта, а також у низці його статей, що стосуються післякантівських філософських доктрин, пов’язаних із Я. Фрізом, неокан- тіанськими та феноменологічними підходами. Автор звертає спеціальну увагу на спробу І. Четверикова пов’язати концептуалізацію людської особи із позитивною рецепцією персоналізму Ґ. Тейхмюллера, а також критичною філософією, що дає змогу розробити персоналістичне розуміння людини як особливого сущого, автономного буття, увиразненого в самосвідомості та свободі.
The article covers the insufficiently researched philosophical work by Ivan Chetverikov (1875-1969), who was a talented scientist and tutor at KTA and whose creative activity was performed during the last decades of this theological school. The analysis of philosophical works by Chetverikov shows his interest in Kant’s critical thinking and those latest trends of studying the Kant’s views that were widespread around Europe at the end of the 19th and at the beginning of the 20th century. The article analyses those conceptual approaches that Chetverikov showed in several of his works: 1) in the treatise “About God as a Personal Being ” (1903), where the attention is focused not only on theological thoughts about the “Trinitarian question”, but also on the philosophical analysis of the human being. In this treatise, the author demonstrates the validity of those investigations of the human being that were performed in the modern philosophy, in Kant’s critical philosophy in particular. Chetverikov’s attention to the peculiarities of philosophical conceptualization of the human being was also possible by a positive perception of G. Teichmuller’s personalism, for whom the central problem of metaphysics was the question about being. What is more, the being is considered not only in the meaning of the logical connection (copula) between the subject and predicate or that very power that imposes the essence but also as a subject imposed as Self, that is the one having personal traits. From the point of view of the Kyiv investigator, the exactly critical philosophy makes possible the personalised understanding of a human as a special being that exists in an autonomous mode of existence, which is expressed in consciousness, Self, andfreedom. 2) In the works where the Kyiv researcher analyses the after-Kant philosophical studies, in particular, the doctrines connected with J. Fries and with neo-Kantianism and phenomenological approaches that explore the problem of the philosophical method in a new way. In the article, those concepts are analysed that express the so-called “anthropological criticism” by Fries and his followers, and the position of Chetverikov is revealed towards the newest courses of Kant studies and its issues of that time.
The article covers the insufficiently researched philosophical work by Ivan Chetverikov (1875-1969), who was a talented scientist and tutor at KTA and whose creative activity was performed during the last decades of this theological school. The analysis of philosophical works by Chetverikov shows his interest in Kant’s critical thinking and those latest trends of studying the Kant’s views that were widespread around Europe at the end of the 19th and at the beginning of the 20th century. The article analyses those conceptual approaches that Chetverikov showed in several of his works: 1) in the treatise “About God as a Personal Being ” (1903), where the attention is focused not only on theological thoughts about the “Trinitarian question”, but also on the philosophical analysis of the human being. In this treatise, the author demonstrates the validity of those investigations of the human being that were performed in the modern philosophy, in Kant’s critical philosophy in particular. Chetverikov’s attention to the peculiarities of philosophical conceptualization of the human being was also possible by a positive perception of G. Teichmuller’s personalism, for whom the central problem of metaphysics was the question about being. What is more, the being is considered not only in the meaning of the logical connection (copula) between the subject and predicate or that very power that imposes the essence but also as a subject imposed as Self, that is the one having personal traits. From the point of view of the Kyiv investigator, the exactly critical philosophy makes possible the personalised understanding of a human as a special being that exists in an autonomous mode of existence, which is expressed in consciousness, Self, andfreedom. 2) In the works where the Kyiv researcher analyses the after-Kant philosophical studies, in particular, the doctrines connected with J. Fries and with neo-Kantianism and phenomenological approaches that explore the problem of the philosophical method in a new way. In the article, those concepts are analysed that express the so-called “anthropological criticism” by Fries and his followers, and the position of Chetverikov is revealed towards the newest courses of Kant studies and its issues of that time.
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Keywords
Четвериков, Кант, Кант, Фріз, Нельсон, Тейхмюллер, Абсолютна особа, персоналізм, кантознавство, трансцендентальний метод, "антропологічний критицизм", проблема пізнання, Chetverikov, Kant, Fries, Nelson, Teichmuller, absolute person, personalism, Kant’s studies, transcendental method, "anthropological criticism", problem of cognition
Citation
Козловський Віктор Петрович. Декілька спостережень щодо кантознавчих студій Івана Четверикова: європейський контекст / Козловський В. П. // Наукові записки НаУКМА. Філософія та релігієзнавство. - 2017. - Т. 192. - С. 39-43.